| page last updated on August 19, 2010 |
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Wprowadzenie ::
Argentina
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W roku 1816, Zjednoczone Prowincje Rio Plata og³osi³y niepodleg³o¶æ od Hiszpanii. Po Boliwii, Paragwaju i Urugwaju poszli swoimi drogami, obszar, który pozosta³ siê Argentyna. Ludno¶ci kraju i kultury w du¿ym stopniu ukszta³towane przez imigrantów z ca³ej Europy, ale najbardziej zw³aszcza W³ochy i Hiszpania, która przewiduje, najwiêkszy odsetek przybyszów 1860 / 30. A¿ o po³owie 20 wieku, wiele z historii Argentyny by³ zdominowany przez okres wewnêtrznego konfliktu politycznego miêdzy Federalistów i Unitarians oraz pomiêdzy frakcjami cywilnymi i wojskowymi. Po II wojnie ¶wiatowej, epoka Peronist populizm i po¶rednich i bezpo¶rednich ingerencji wojskowej w kolejnych rz±dów by³ ¶ledzony przez juntê wojskow±, ¿e przej±³ w³adzê w 1976 roku. Demokracji powróci³ w 1983 roku po nieudanej oferty przejêcia Falklandy (Malwiny) Wyspy przez ¿ycie, i który utrzymuje siê mimo licznych problemów, z których najgro¼niejszy by³ powa¿nego kryzysu gospodarczego w 2001-02
that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents.
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Po³udniowej Ameryki Po³udniowej, nad po³udniowym Atlantyku, pomiêdzy Chile i Urugwaju
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34 00 S, 64 00 W
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total: 2,780,400 sq km
Ranking: 8
land:
2,736,690 sq km
water:
43,710 sq km
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slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
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total: 9,861 km
border countries:
Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,261 km, Chile 5,308 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 580 km
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4,989 km
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
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Aktualny stan pogody
mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
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bogate równiny Pampas w czê¶ci pó³nocnej, p³askie lub faliste plateau Patagonii na po³udniu, chropowaty Andach wzd³u¿ zachodniej granicy
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lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
highest point:
Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza)
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¿yznych równinach pampasów, o³owiu, cynku, cyny, miedzi, rudy ¿elaza, manganu, ropa naftowa, uran
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arable land: 10.03%
permanent crops:
0.36%
other:
89.61% (2005)
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15,500 sq km (2003)
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814 cu km (2000)
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total: 29.19 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita:
753 cu m/yr (2000)
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San Miguel de Tucuman i obszarów Mendoza w Andach na temat trzêsienia ziemi, huragany pamperos s± agresywne, które mog± uderzyæ pampasów i pó³nocny wschód; ciê¿kie powodzie w niektórych obszarach
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problemów ochrony ¶rodowiska (miejskich i wiejskich) typowe dla gospodarki industrializacji, takich jak wycinanie lasów, degradacji gleby, pustynnienie, zanieczyszczenie powietrza i wody
note:
Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets
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party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
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drugim co do wielko¶ci kraj w Ameryce Po³udniowej (po Brazylii); strategiczne po³o¿enie w stosunku do szlaków morskich miêdzy po³udniowym Atlantyku i po³udniowym Pacyfiku (Cie¶nina Magellana, Kana³ Beagle, Drake Passage); ró¿norodnych krajobrazów geofizycznych w zakresie od klimatach tropikalnych na pó³nocy tundra na dalekim po³udniu, Cerro Aconcagua jest na pó³kuli zachodniej najwy¿szych gór, a Laguna del Carbon jest najni¿szy punkt na pó³kuli zachodniej
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40,913,584 (July 2010 est.)
Ranking: 32
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0-14 years: 25.6% (male 5,369,477/female 5,122,260)
15-64 years:
63.5% (male 12,961,725/female 13,029,265)
65 years and over:
10.8% (male 1,819,057/female 2,611,800) (2010 est.)
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total: 30.3 years
male:
29.2 years
female:
31.3 years (2010 est.)
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1.053% (2010 est.)
Ranking: 126
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17.94 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Ranking: 114
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7.41 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
Ranking: 119
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Ranking: 73
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urban population: 92% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
1.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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at birth: 1.052 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female
total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
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total: 11.44 deaths/1,000 live births
Ranking: 149
male:
12.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
10.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
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total population: 76.56 years
Ranking: 66
male:
73.32 years
female:
79.97 years (2010 est.)
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2.33 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Ranking: 106
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0.5% (2007 est.)
Ranking: 72
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120,000 (2007 est.)
Ranking: 42
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7,000 (2007 est.)
Ranking: 39
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degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2009)
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noun: Argentine(s)
adjective:
Argentine
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bia³a (najczê¶ciej hiszpañskim i w³oskim) 97%, mestizo (mieszane pochodzenie indiañskiej i bia³ej), Indian lub innych bia³ych grup 3%
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nominalnie katolicy 92% (mniej ni¿ 20% praktykuj±cych), protestanci 2%, ¯ydzi 2%, inni 4%
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Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
97.2%
male:
97.2%
female:
97.2% (2001 census)
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total: 15 years
male:
14 years
female:
16 years (2005)
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3.8% of GDP (2004)
Ranking: 113
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conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form:
Argentina
local long form:
Republica Argentina
local short form:
Argentina
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republic
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name: Buenos Aires
geographic coordinates:
34 36 S, 58 40 W
time difference:
UTC-3 (3 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
none scheduled for 2010
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23 prowincji (provincias, pojedyncza - provincia) i 1 * autonomiczne City (Distrito Federal), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires * Capital Federal, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja , Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Sur Atlantico, Tucuman
note:
the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica
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9 July 1816 (from Spain)
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Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
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1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860
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wielu amerykañskich i europejskich systemów prawnych Zachodu, nie przyjê³a obowi±zkowej jurysdykcji MTS
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18 years of age; universal and compulsory
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chief of state: President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Julio COBOS (since 10 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government:
President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Julio COBOS (since 10 December 2007)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 October 2007 (next election to be held in 2011)
election results:
Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER elected president; percent of vote - Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER 45%, Elisa CARRIO 23%, Roberto LAVAGNA 17%, Alberto Rodriguez SAA 8%
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dwuizbowy Kongres Narodowy lub Congreso Nacional sk³ada siê z Senatu (72 miejsc; cz³onkowie wybierani s± w g³osowaniu bezpo¶rednim, obecnie jedna trzecia cz³onków wybieranych co dwa lata do s³u¿by sze¶æ roku) i Izby Deputowanych (257 miejsc; cz³onków wybierani w g³osowaniu; po³owê cz³onków wybieranych co dwa lata s³u¿yæ czteroletni± kadencjê)
elections:
Senat - ostatnie odby³y siê w dniu 28 czerwca 2009 (nastêpne odbêd± siê w 2011 r.), Izba Deputowanych - ostatnie odby³y siê w dniu 28 czerwca 2009 (nastêpne odbêd± siê w 2011 r.)
election results:
Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 8, ACyS 14, PJ disidente 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 45, ACyS 42, PRO 20, PJ disidente 12, other 8; note - as of 13 January 2009, the composition of the entire legislature is as follows: Senate - seats by bloc or party - FpV 36, ACyS 23, PJ disidente 9, other 4; Chamber of Deputies - seats by bloc or party - FpV 113, ACyS 77, PRO 26, PJ disidente 17, other 24
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S±d Najwy¿szy lub Corte Suprema (sêdziów S±du Najwy¿szego s± mianowani przez prezydenta za zgod± Senatu)
note:
the Supreme Court has seven judges; the Argentine Congress in 2006 passed a bill to gradually reduce the number of Supreme Court judges to five
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Obywatelskie i spo³eczne lub ACyS Accord (szeroki centrolewicowy sojusz, w tym CC, UCR, a partie socjalistyczne utworzone przed wyborami w 2009 legislacyjnych); Koalicja Obywatelska lub CC (szerokiej koalicji lu¼no powi±zane z Elisa Carrió); Dissident Peronistów lub PJ Disidente (sektor Partia Justycjalistyczna przeciwieñstwie do Kirchners) Front na rzecz Zwyciêstwa lub FPV (szerokiej koalicji, w tym elementów UCR i liczne strony prowincji) [Nestor Kirchner]; Interbloque Federalnej lub IF (szeroka koalicja oko³o 12 stron, w tym PRO); Partia Justycjalistyczna lub PJ [Nestor Kirchner]; Radykalnej Unii Obywatelskiej lub UCR [Ernesto SANZ]; Republikañskiej Wniosek lub PRO [Mauricio Macri] (w tym Federalnej Przywracanie ruchu lub RECREAR [Esteban Bullrich], Partia Socjalistyczna lub PS [Ruben Giustiniani]; Unii dla wszystkich [Patricia Bullrich] (zwi±zane z Koalicji Obywatelskiej), liczne regionalne strony
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Argentyñska Stowarzyszenie farmaceutyczne Labs (CILFA); Argentyny Industrial Union (stowarzyszenie producentów "); lub Konfederacji Argentyñskiej Wsi CRA (ma³e i ¶rednie stowarzyszenia w³a¶cicieli ziemskich"); Argentyny Wsi Society (stowarzyszenie wielkich posiadaczy ziemskich "), Central argentyñskich pracowników lub CTA ( radykalnych zwi±zków pracowników zatrudnionych i bezrobotnych); Powszechnej Konfederacji Pracy lub CGT (Peronist-parasol oparty organizacji pracy); White and Blue CGT (dysydent konfederacji pracy CGT), Ko¶ció³ Rzymsko-Katolicki
other:
business organizations; Peronist-dominated labor movement; Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government); students
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AfDB (nonregional cz³onkiem), Grupê Australijsk±, BCIE, BIS, CAN (wspó³pracownik), FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, MOP, MFW, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, Laia, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW Klubu Paryskiego (wspó³pracownik), PCA, RG, SICA (obserwator), ONZ, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (obserwator), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU , WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery:
1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
[1] (202) 238-6400
FAX:
[1] (202) 332-3171
consulate(s) general:
Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
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chief of mission: Ambassador Vilma MARTINEZ
embassy:
Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires
mailing address:
international mail: use embassy street address; APO address: US Embassy Buenos Aires, Unit 4334, APO AA 34034
telephone:
[54] (11) 5777-4533
FAX:
[54] (11) 5777-4240
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trzy równe poziome pasy niebieski (na górze), bia³y i niebieski, na ¶rodku bia³ego pasma jest promienna Yellow Sun z ludzk± twarz± znany jako Sun maja, kolory reprezentuj± czyste niebo i ¶nieg z Andów; symbol niedz upamiêtnia wygl±d s³oñca zachmurzonego nieba na 25 maja 1810 podczas pierwszej masowej demonstracji na rzecz niepodleg³o¶ci; funkcje Sun tych Inti, Inca boga s³oñca
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Argentyna korzy¶ci z bogatych zasobów naturalnych, ludno¶ci wysoko wykszta³conych, zorientowanych na eksport sektora rolnego i zró¿nicowanej bazy przemys³owej. Chocia¿ jeden z najbogatszych krajów ¶wiata 100 lat temu, Argentyna poniesionej przez wiêksz± czê¶æ 20. wieku nie mia³y kryzysy gospodarcze, podatkowe i trwa³ych deficytów na rachunkach bie¿±cych, wysok± inflacj±, monta¿ zad³u¿enia zagranicznego i ucieczki kapita³u. Ciê¿ka depresja, wzrost publicznych i zad³u¿enia zagranicznego, a bank uruchomiæ zakoñczy³ w 2001 roku w najbardziej powa¿nego kryzysu w tym kraju burzliwej historii gospodarczej, spo³ecznej i politycznej. Adolfo Rodriguez tymczasowy prezydent og³osi³ SAA domy¶lnie - najwiêksze w historii - w sprawie zad³u¿enia zagranicznego rz±du w grudniu tego roku, i nagle zrezygnowa³ zaledwie kilka dni po objêciu urzêdu. Jego nastêpca, Eduardo Duhalde, zapowiedzia³ zakoñczenie peso dekadê 1-na-1 ko³ek do dolara na pocz±tku 2002 roku. Gospodarki dnie, ¿e rok, z realnego PKB o 18% mniejsze tha
n in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines under the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in early 2007, with understating inflation data. Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as President in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. Her government nationalized private pension funds in late 2008 in an attempt to bolster government coffers, but the move also adversely affected private inv
estment spending.
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$548.8 billion (2009 est.)
Ranking: 24
$564.6 billion (2008 est.)
$537.7 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars; data are based on private estimates. Official figures lack credibility
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$310.1 billion (2009 est.)
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-2.8% (2009 est.)
Ranking: 161
5% (2008 est.)
7.6% (2007 est.)
note:
data are based on private estimates. Official estimates put growth at 0.5% in 2009, 6.8% in 2008, and 8.7% in 2007, but the official figures lack credibility
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$13,400 (2009 est.)
Ranking: 80
$13,900 (2008 est.)
$13,400 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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agriculture: 6%
industry:
32%
services:
62% (2009 est.)
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16.4 million
Ranking: 37
note:
urban areas only (2009 est.)
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agriculture: 5%
industry:
23%
services:
72% (2009 est.)
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8.7% (2009 est.)
Ranking: 101
7.9% (2008 est.)
note:
data are based on private estimates. Official estimates put unemployment at 8.4% in 2009, and 7.3% in 2008, but the official figures lack credibility
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13.9%
note:
based on official government estimates (January-June 2009)
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lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%:
32.6% (2009)
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45.7 (2009)
Ranking: 38
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20.9% of GDP (2009 est.)
Ranking: 78
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revenues: $84.3 billion
expenditures:
$86.2 billion (2009)
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48.6% of GDP (2009 est.)
Ranking: 49
48.6% of GDP (2008 est.)
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7.7% (2009 est.)
Ranking: 178
8.6% (2008 est.)
note:
based on official estimates, which lack credibility; non-official estimates put inflation at 22% in 2008
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NA%
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19.47% (31 December 2008)
Ranking: 6
28% (28 November 2008)
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$32.57 billion (31 December 2008)
Ranking: 33
$33.93 billion (31 December 2007)
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$46.18 billion (31 December 2008)
Ranking: 38
$45.92 billion (31 December 2007)
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$72.55 billion (31 December 2007)
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$48.03 billion (31 December 2009)
Ranking: 49
$52.31 billion (31 December 2008)
$86.68 billion (31 December 2007)
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nasiona s³onecznika, cytryny, soja, winogrona, kukurydza, tytoñ, orzeszki ziemne, herbata, pszenica; zwierz±t
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przetwórstwa spo¿ywczego, pojazdów samochodowych, konsumpcyjnych trwa³ego u¿ytku, tekstylia, chemikalia i produkty petrochemiczne, drukowanie, metalurgia, stal
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-1.2% (2009 est.)
Ranking: 80
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109.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Ranking: 30
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99.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Ranking: 31
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2.628 billion kWh (2007 est.)
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10.28 billion kWh (2007 est.)
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796,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Ranking: 26
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622,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Ranking: 27
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314,400 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Ranking: 38
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52,290 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Ranking: 85
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2.616 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
Ranking: 32
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41.36 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Ranking: 20
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43.14 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Ranking: 19
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890 million cu m (2008 est.)
Ranking: 37
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2.66 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Ranking: 43
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441.7 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
Ranking: 34
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$11.29 billion (2009 est.)
Ranking: 17
$7.089 billion (2008 est.)
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$55.75 billion (2009)
Ranking: 42
$57.4 billion (2008)
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soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat
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Brazil 18.78%, China 9.26%, Chile 7.11%, US 6.38% (2009)
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$37.13 billion (2009 est.)
Ranking: 53
$54.56 billion (2008 est.)
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maszyn, pojazdów samochodowych, ropa naftowa i gaz ziemny, chemikalia organiczne, tworzywa sztuczne
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Brazil 31.12%, US 13.69%, China 10.26%, Germany 4.69% (2009)
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$48.03 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Ranking: 30
$46.37 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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$108.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Ranking: 32
$128.2 billion (31 December 2008)
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$81.09 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Ranking: 38
$76.09 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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$30.04 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Ranking: 35
$28.75 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Peso argentyñskie (ARS) za dolara - 3,7639 (2009), 3,1636 (2008), 3,1105 (2007), 3,0543 (2006), 2,9037 (2005)
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9.631 million (2008)
Ranking: 22
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46.509 million (2008)
Ranking: 22
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general assessment: the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998" opened the telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is improving
domestic:
microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services are gaining ground
international:
country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires (2009)
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rz±d jest w³a¶cicielem stacji TV i sieci radiowych, wiêcej ni¿ 2 kilkana¶cie stacji telewizyjnych i setki prywatnych stacji radiowych, wysoki wska¼nik wykorzystania kabla abonament TV (2007)
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.ar
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4.906 million (2009)
Ranking: 16
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11.212 million (2008)
Ranking: 28
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1,141 (2010)
Ranking: 6
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total: 156
over 3,047 m:
4
2,438 to 3,047 m:
27
1,524 to 2,437 m:
65
914 to 1,523 m:
51
under 914 m:
9 (2010)
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total: 985
over 3,047 m:
1
2,438 to 3,047 m:
1
1,524 to 2,437 m:
43
914 to 1,523 m:
530
under 914 m:
410 (2010)
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2 (2010)
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gazu 28.248 km, gazu p³ynnego 41 km, olej 5.977 km, produktów rafinacji 3636 km (2009)
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total: 31,409 km
Ranking: 8
broad gauge:
27,301 km 1.676-m gauge (94 km electrified)
standard gauge:
2,780 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified)
narrow gauge:
1,328 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
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total: 231,374 km
Ranking: 22
paved:
69,412 km (includes 734 km of expressways)
unpaved:
161,962 km (2004)
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11,000 km (2007)
Ranking: 11
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total: 46
Ranking: 72
by type:
bulk carrier 3, cargo 9, chemical tanker 2, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 24, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned:
14 (Brazil 1, Chile 7, Spain 2, UK 4)
registered in other countries:
19 (Liberia 3, Panama 8, Paraguay 5, Uruguay 3) (2008)
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Arroyo Seco, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo, San Martin
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Wojska argentyñskie (Ejercito Argentino), Marynarki Wojennej Republiki Argentyñskiej (Armada Republica, obejmuje okrêtów marynarki wojennej i lotnictwa piechoty), argentyñski Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentyna, FAA) (2010)
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18-24 lat dobrowolnej s³u¿by wojskowej (18-21 wymaga zgody rodziców), nie ma poboru do wojska (2001)
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males age 16-49: 9,934,765
females age 16-49:
9,868,008 (2010 est.)
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males age 16-49: 8,366,206
females age 16-49:
8,344,321 (2010 est.)
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male: 340,570
female:
323,953 (2010 est.)
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0.8% of GDP (2009)
Ranking: 146
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argentyñski wojskowy jest dobrze zorganizowane ¿ycie ograniczone kraju przed³u¿onym trudno¶ci gospodarczych, kraj ten w ostatnim czasie silnego o¿ywienia i wojskowych realizuje plan modernizacji, maj±cym na celu zapewnienie si³ l±dowych l¿ejsze i bardziej elastyczne (2008)
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Kwestii ponadnarodowych ::
Argentina
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Argentyna nadal dochodziæ swoich roszczeñ do Wielkiej Brytanii podawany Falklandy (Malwiny), Georgia Po³udniowa i Sandwich Po³udniowy w konstytucji, si³± okupuj±cych o Falklandy w 1982 roku, ale w 1995 r. uzgodniono ju¿ szukaæ rozwi±zania przez ¿ycie; terytorialnego roszczenia w Antarktyda czê¶ciowo pokrywa Wielkiej Brytanii i Chile roszczeñ; niesforny regionie konwergencji Argentyna-Brazylia-Paragwaj granicach locus prania pieniêdzy, przemytu broni i nielegalnego handlu narkotykami oraz pozyskiwania funduszy dla organizacji ekstremistycznych, bezspornych sporu pomiêdzy Brazyli± i Urugwajem na Braziliera / Brasiliera Island w Quarai / Cuareim rzeki pozostawia Trójstyk z Argentyn±, o których mowa, w 2006 r., uda³ siê do Argentyny MTS do protestu, z przyczyn ¶rodowiskowych, na budowê dwóch pulpy m³ynów w Urugwaju na rzece Urugwaj, która stanowi granicê, zarówno strony przedstawi³y swoje pisma w 2007 r., odpowied¼ w styczniu w Argentynie i Urugwaju dupliki w lipcu 2008 r., wspólne b
oundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur)
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current situation: Argentina is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; most victims are trafficked within the country, from rural to urban areas; child sex tourism is a problem; foreign women and children, primarily from Paraguay, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, are trafficked to Argentina for commercial sexual exploitation; Argentine women and girls are also trafficked to neighboring countries, Mexico, and Western Europe for sexual exploitation; a significant number of Bolivians, Peruvians, and Paraguayans are trafficked into the country for forced labor in sweatshops, agriculture, and as domestic servants
tier rating:
Tier 2 Watch List - despite some progress, Argentina remains on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of providing adequate assistance to victims and curbing official complicity with trafficking activity, especially on the provincial and local levels; the Argentine Congress has demonstrated progress by enacting much-needed and first-ever federal anti-trafficking legislation (2009)
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prze³adunku w kraju uda³ siê do Europy kokainy, heroiny uda³ siê do USA, pseudoefedryny i efedryny i uda³ siê do Meksyku, niektóre dzia³ania prania pieniêdzy, zw³aszcza w Tri-obszaru przygranicznego, korupcji organów ¶cigania; ¼ród³em prekursorów chemicznych, zwiêkszenie konsumpcji krajowej narkotyków w o¶rodkach miejskich, zw³aszcza bazy kokainy i narkotyków syntetycznych (2008)
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¼ród³o: www.cia.gov
t³umaczenie: Google Translate
Polecam równie¿: Korsyka,
Londyn
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